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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.041



15. Preventing flea infestations in your next home

Since flea larvae can lay dormant for surprisingly long periods of
time, it is always possible for you and your pets to get fleas by
moving into a house or apartment in which the previous occupants had
fleas.

If this may be the case, you can prevent the potential problem by
spraying or treating the place *before* you move in, if at all
possible.  For example, if the place has been uninhabited long enough
that all the adult fleas are dead, methoprene should be sufficient,
otherwise use sprays that will also work on the adults.

16. Conclusion

In general, you will have to use a combination of some of the
approaches above.  You will also want to launder any bedding and other
launderable items to rid them of fleas at the same time.  If you comb
your pet regularly, you will be able to spot an incipient increase of
fleas and make pre-emptive strikes.  If you have a bad flea problem,
getting your carpet professionally cleaned in addition to other
control methods will help in removing potential food sources for the
larvae.


II.  Ticks

1.  In general

Ticks are in the phylum of animals called Arthropoda (jointed
appendage).  This phylum of animals is the largest in the animal
kingdom. There are over 850 different species of ticks, and they
parasitize every class of terrestrial vertebrate animal, including
amphibians.

Ticks are small rounded arachnids that cling to one spot and do not
move.  They have inserted their head under the skin and are engorging
themselves on the blood.  Diseases carried by ticks means that you
should have yourself or your pets checked after you find ticks.  On
the one hand, ticks are a little easier to deal with since they remain
outdoors, and do not infest houses the way fleas do; on the other
hand, they carry more dangerous diseases and are harder to find.

a) Role in diseases

Ticks are the most important arthropod in transmitting diseases to
domestic animals and run a close second to mosquitoes in arthropod
borne human diseases.  They transmit a greater variety of infectious
agents than any other type of arthropod.  Ticks can cause disease and
illness directly.  They are responsible for anemia due to blood loss,
dermatosis due to salivary secretions, and ascending tick paralysis
due to neurotoxins in the salivary secretions. They also can be the
vector of other diseases.  Some of the more noted tick borne diseases
are babesiosis, anaplasmosis, East Coast fever, relapsing fever, rocky
mountain spotted fever and, of course, Lyme disease.

b) Kinds of ticks

There are two basic types of ticks.  Soft ticks, the argasids, are
distinguished by their soft, leathery cuticle and lack of scutum.
They can be recognized easily by their subterminal mouthparts that are
on the underside of the tick.  Soft ticks when engorged with blood
blow up like a balloon.  Soft ticks are fast feeders, being able to
tank up in a matter of hours.

Hard ticks, the Ixodids, have a hard plate, the scutum, on the dorsal
surface and have terminal mouthparts.  When attaching, a tick will
slice open the skin with the mouthparts and then attach itself.  They
also secrete a cement that hardens and holds the tick onto the host.
Hard ticks are slow feeders, taking several days to finish their
bloodmeal.

During feeding a tick may extract up to 8 ml of blood, they can take
100X their body weight in blood.  Interestingly, they concentrate the
blood during feeding and will return much of the water to the host
while losing some by transpiration through the cuticle.

2.  Lifecycle

All ticks have four life cycle stages.  (slide ) Adult ticks, shown
here mating, produce eggs.  A female tick can produce up to 20,000
eggs.  Mating usually occurs on a host, after which the female must
have a blood meal in order for the eggs to develop.  Ixodid ticks are
unusual in that mating does not occur on the host.  The eggs are laid
in the soil or leaf litter after the female drops off the host.
These eggs hatch into a stage known as the larva.  The larva is the
smallest stage and can be recognized by having only 3 pairs of legs.
These "seed ticks" are produced in great numbers.  They must find a
host and take a blood meal in order to molt to the next stage called
the nymph.  If the nymph can feed on a host, it will develop into the
adult tick.

Ticks vary greatly in how long this cycle takes and the
number of hosts involved.  Some ticks are one host ticks;  the
entire cycle occurs on that one host.  Others use two hosts, some
three and some of the soft ticks are multi-host ticks.

Ticks require high humidity and moderate temperature.  Juvenile ticks
usually live in the soil or at ground level.  They will then climb up
onto a blade of grass or the leaf of a plant to await a potential
host.  They will sense the presence of a host and begin the questing
behavior, standing up and waving their front legs.  They are able to
sense a vibration, a shadow, a change in CO2 level, or temperature
change.  When unsuccessful in their "quest" they become dehydrated and
will climb back down the plant to the ground to become rehydrated.
Then back up the plant, etc., until they are successful or they die.
Some ticks have been known to live for over 20 years and they can live
for a very long time without food.  Their favored habitat is old
field-forest ecotone.  One way to cut down the number of ticks in an
area is to keep the area mowed.

3.  Removing a tick

When you find a tick, use tweezers to pick up the body and pull
s-l-o-w-l-y and gently, and the mouthparts will release.  Ticks carry
a lot of rickettsial diseases, including Lyme disease and Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever, so you should wash your hands thoroughly with
soap after handling a tick.

DO NOT touch the tick with the head of a hot match or cigarette first
since this can cause the tick to regurgitate into your bloodstream,
increasing the chances that you may catch a disease the tick carries.
Smearing petroleum jelly on the tick to suffocate them has the same
problem.

Lyme disease (see below) is usually carried by tiny deer ticks (two
other kinds of ticks have also been identified as carriers) , which
are the size of the head of a pin.  You must look yourself or your pet
over very carefully to find these kind of ticks.  Other ticks can be
as large as peppercorns.

4.  Infections or abscesses

If you have left the head of the tick in your pet's skin, chances are
there will be an infection or an abscess in a week or so.  Try
disinfecting the area thoroughly with 70% alcohol (it takes about 5
minutes for alcohol to sterilize an area).  Ethyl alcohol is less
toxic than rubbing alcohol; vodka or any high-proof liquor will work.
Then apply a combination antibiotic ointment.  If an infection occurs
anyway, take your pet in to the vet to have it drained.

5.  Disposing of ticks

To dispose of the tick, drop it into alcohol to kill it, then dispose
of it.  Flushing them down the toilet WILL NOT KILL THEM.  You might
save the tick in a jar of alcohol for identification, to help decide
whether possible infection has occurred.

6.  Where you pick up ticks

Adult ticks can remain on deer and other mammals through the fall
and winter.  If you spend a lot of time outdoors during this period,
be sure to check yourself, your family and your pets daily for ticks.
If you hunt or trap, check areas where you cache your game for ticks
that may have fallen off during handling.

A helpful practice is to wear long pants tucked into white socks; this
way they crawl up the *outside* of your pants and you can spot them in
the field.  Also wear a hat: they can drop from trees onto your head.

Ticks like long grass on the edges of woods (especially deer ticks)
They crawl up onto the grass blades and cling to you as you walk past.

7.  Combatting ticks

If you have heavy infestations of ticks in your area, spraying your
backyard against ticks may be a good idea, especially if your pet is
indoor/outdoors.

One way to combat ticks is to raise Guinea hens, which eat ticks.
Trivia: Actress Christie Brinkley got Lyme disease from a tick on her
own property, and she now raises Guinea hens.

There is a product, called Tiguvon (chemical composition) that is a
systemic, administered monthly.  Its drawbacks seem to be that it is
expensive and that the tick needs to fully engorge itself to be
poisoned by the systemic.

8.  Lyme disease

Lyme disease is a complex illness that affects wild and domestic
animals, including dogs, as well as humans.  It is caused by a
corkscrew-shaped bacterium called borrelia burgdoferi.

First noted in 1977, the disease has rapidly spread throughout the
contintental US and Canada.  Studies have shown that migrating birds
have helped disperse infected ticks to new areas.  Hunting dogs, or
any dog that runs in tick-infested fields, can bring the problem home
with them.  And so do people who move from place to place with
infected pets.  It is expected that Lyme disease will soon be a
problem in all 48 contiguous US states.

a) Transmission

When a tick bites, the bacterium is transferred into the blood of the
host.  The deer tick (Ixodes dammini) is found in the Northeast and
upper Midwest; the black-legged tick (I. scapularis) is found in the
Midwest and Southeast; and the Western black-legged tick (I.
pacificus) is found mainly in the coastal areas of California, Oregon,
and Washington.  Hosts include deer, migratory birds, rabbits, mice,
raccoons and skunks ... plus dogs, cats, cattle, horses and humans.

Besides tick bites, Lyme disease may be spread by contact with
infected body fluids.  Studies indicate that transmission may occur in
this manner from dog to dog, and possibly from cow to cow and horse to
horse.  Transmission from animal to human *may* be possible.  In utero
transmission has been observed.  Animals may be reinfected with Lyme
disease.

The major vector for the deer tick is the mouse; deer have relatively
little to do with it.  Deer simply act as a home for the overwintering
adults.  Removing deer from an area has little long term effect since
the adults simply find another animal to act as a winter host.

b) Symptoms

The symptoms of this illness have now been separated into three
stages.  If caught before the end of the first stage, the illness is
usually easily treated by antibiotics.

In general, a high fever combined with stiffness or arthritic symptoms
(in both people and animals) can indicate Lyme disease.

The next two stages represent greater systematic involvement and
include the nervous system and the heart.  If still untreated, the
third stage involves the musculoskeletal system.

The erythema migrans (small round rash) is the best early sign of a
problem.  Unfortunately, the tick that bites is usually a larva or
nymph and so is seldom seen.  The resulting rash is seen in
approximately 80% of adults but only about 50% of children.  It is
imperative that it be diagnosed early since the more severe symptoms
can begin quickly.

Treatment consists of several broad spectrum antibiotics -- including
tetracycline, penicillin, and erythromycin.  This is effective,
especially in the early stages.  Consult with your veterinarian (or
with your doctor if YOU have it).

c) Vaccination

There is a vaccination against Lyme disease for dogs that is now
available.  It is Borrelia Burgdoferi Bacterin (Fort Dodge
Laboratories).  It is supposed to have a duration of immunity that
lasts through the tick season.  One for people is coming out now as
well.

An interesting discussion of what is happening in the veterinary
community with regard to Lyme disease is summarized in an easy-to-read
letter titled "Questions 'push' for vaccinations against Borrelia
burgdoreri infection," in the Journal of the American Veterinary
Association, 201(10), 11/15/92.


----------------
References and Addresses

_Consumer Reports_, August 1991.
  Contains an article discussing flea collars: brands and effectiveness.

Klein, Hilary Dole and Adrian M. Wenner.  _Tiny Game Hunting_. Bantam,
1991.  ISBN 0-553-35331-4.
  A good reference on how to get rid of fleas.

Melman, Steven A. and Karen L. Campbell, "Flea Control" (Chapter 9 in
August's volume).

Gardens Alive!
Natural Garden Research Center
Hwy 48 - PO Box 149
Sunman, IN 47041
812/537-8650.

----------------
This article is Copyright (c) 1992 by Cindy Tittle Moore.  It may be
freely distributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice
is not removed.  It may not be sold for profit nor incorporated in
commercial documents without the author's written permission.  This
article is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

Cindy Tittle Moore
Internet: [e-mail]  UUCP: ...!ucbvax!ucivax!tittle
Bitnet  : cltittle@uci        USmail: PO BOX 4188, Irvine CA 92716
----------------
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From: [e-mail] (Keith Bierman fpgoup)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.fortran,news.answers
Subject: comp.lang.fortran frequently asked questions
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 1 Dec 92 03:30:18 GMT
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Frequency: mostly monthly

Here are some answers to frequently asked questions. The "author", as
is the custom, has appropriated posted responses as seemed apt. I have
tried to leave attributions in, as correctly as possible. To anyone
who has been offended by omission or otherwise, my apologies. I shall
give priority to corrections regarding attribution.

No one takes responsibility for any of this text, neither the employer
of the "author", the "author", friends of the "author", pets of the
"author" nor anyone else.

Your mileage WILL vary.

If you have comments/suggestions/edit proposals please send them to me
([e-mail]). I do not promise to accept 'em. I
encourage others to make better faq lists, so I can retire this one.
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
    Questions:

Q0) How should one spell FORTRAN/Fortran?
Q1) Where can I get a copy of the Fortran 90 Standard? How about
    electronic copies?
Q2) What Fortran 90 translators are available?
Q3) I have heard of fortran "lints" what are they, and where can
    I get one?
Q4) "Why do people use FORTRAN?, C is so much better"
Q5)  Why can't I get an electronic version of the standard?
Q6)  Where can I get "foo" (some random package)
Q7)  Where can I get a free compiler?
Q8)  What is the best compiler for a PC?
Q9)  How does Fortran 90 relate to FORTRAN '77 and what is Fortran 90?
Q10) My compiler is mis-behaving; who enforces the standard?
Q11) What are good books on Fortran?
Q12) Are there pretty printers for FORTRAN?
Q13) Why are there aimless debates?
Q14) How do I call f77 from C (and visa versa)
Q15) What constitutes good FORTRAN style?
Q16) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my Fortran into C.
     What tools are available?
Q17) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my existing C code
     into Fortran. What tools are available?
Q18) What is preprocessing, how can it help? How can it hurt?
Q19) How can I convert an existing FORTRAN 77 program to the free form
     source of Fortran 90?
Q20) Who creates these silly standards anyway?
Q21) How can I read my VAX binary data somewhere else?
Q22) My F77 program compiled ok on a <system1>, but gives me heaps of
     syntax errors on a <system2>. What's wrong?
Q23) My F77 program ran ok on a <system1>, but on a <system2> it just gives
     me strange results. What's wrong?
Q24) Is there a WEB for Fortran (and what is web anyway)?
Q25) Where can I find coded BLAS (and what are coded BLAS?)
Q26) How common is DO ... END DO?
Q27) Where can I learn more about the history of Fortran?

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

Q0)  How should one spell FORTRAN/Fortran?

    FORTRAN is generally the preferred spelling for discussions of versions of
    the language prior to the current one ("90"). Fortran is the
    spelling chosen by X3J3 and WG5. In this document a feeble effort
    has been made to capitalize accordingly (e.g. vast existing
    software ... FORTRAN vs. generic Fortran to mean all versions of
    the standard, and specifically the modern dialect, ISO 1539:1991).

From: [e-mail] (Walt Brainerd)
    There was an effort to "standardize" on spelling of programming
    languages just after F77 became a standard.  The rule: if you say
    the letters, it is all caps (APL); if you pronounce it as a word,
    it is not (Cobol, Fortran, Ada).  See, for example the difinitive
    article describing Fortran 77 in the Oct 1978 issue of the Comm.
    of the ACM.  The timing was such that FORTRAN got put on the
    standard itself, though many always after that have referred to
    it as Fortran 77.  Of course, there are those who think it is not
    truly Fortran if not written with all caps.

<ed note>

    ISO 1539:1991 and its ANSI counterpart X3.198-1992 consistently
    employ the spelling "Fortran" to refer to the language being
    defined. Reference(s) to the older version employ "small caps"
    for the "ORTRAN" characters.


Q1)  Where can I get a copy of the Fortran 90 Standard?

From: [e-mail] (julian bunn)

         The new Fortran 90 standard has now been formally published
     and is available from the ISO central secretariat or from the
     national member bodies. The price is about $120. Some
     ordering detail follow.  I can supply addresses in other
     countries not mentioned on request (to METCALF@CERNVM).

    The document reference is ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991. There is no ISBN.

    ISO
    1, rue de Varembe
    Case postale 56
    1211 Geneva 20
    Switzerland
    Fax: [phone]

    ANSI
    1430 Broadway
    New York, NY 10018

    BSI
    2 Park Street
    London W1A 2BS

    DIN
    Burggrafenstrasse 6
    Postfach 1107
    D-1000 Berlin 30

    AFNOR
    Tour Europe
    Cedex 7
    92049 Paris La Defence

SCC
1200-45 O'Connor
Ottawa
Ontario  K1P 6N7

                            Mike Metcalf
                            (metcalf@cernvm)

and from [e-mail]

For those of you who don't read comp.lang.fortran, you might be
interested to know that I (walt brainard) just called Global
Engineering to see if the sell ISO 1539:1991.  They do; the price is
$225.

And

You can obtain copies through:
    Global Engineering Documents
    2805 McGaw Ave.
    Irvine, CA. 92714
    [phone]
    [phone]


New ANSI number
            ANSI X3.198-1992

How about electronic copies?
Return-Path: [e-mail]
Subject: ISO 1539 in electronic form

In accordance with an official agreement with
the International Standards Organization, Unicomp
is now able to distribute electronic versions of
the Fortran 90 standard: "ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991,
Information technology--Programming languages--Fortran".

The money received from this effort will go partly to
fund ISO activities and partly to recover the costs
incurred by Unicomp in preparing and typesetting the
standard document.  The prices are set by ISO.

The document can be obtained in three versions:

1.  An ascii version suitable for viewing on a
    computer terminal using any kind of editor.
    Cost: USD 125.

2.  A PostScript version with a license allowing
    the purchaser to print n paper copies.
    Cost: USD 125 + 10n.

3.  Complete source in ditroff with macros and
    software to extract and create the annexes.
    The source constitutes a fairly high level
    marked up document; for example, each program
    beginning and ending is marked and there
    are few low-level typographic commands such
    as size and font changes.  Cost USD 1000.

I am quite enthused especially about version (2).
If you want to have 10 copies for your organization,
and it costs $10 to make a printed copy, then the
cost to make the 10 copies would be $125 + $200,
or just $32.50 per copy, which is a substantial
savings over purchasing paper copies.

Versions (1) and (3) will be accompanied by a
license restricting use to one CPU and prohibiting
copying, except for backup purposes, etc.  The
version (2) license will prohibit distributing
any of the printed copies outside of the purchasing
organization.

If you have special requirements, such as wanting
to distribute a copy with each version of your compiler
or using the source as a part of your documentation,
we can make special arrangements, subject to the
approval of the ISO.  Please advise me of your
requirements and we can work up a proposal together.

ISO and Unicomp think this will provide the often
requested access to the standard in electronic form.
This is the first time this is being tried, so we hope
that organizations will be careful to observe the rules
and encourage the continued availability of this
and other standards in electronic form.

Payment can be made by Visa or MasterCard, or with
a check on a US Bank in US funds.  We will accept
a purchase order only if the amount is $500 or more.


Q2) What Fortran 90 translators are available?

From: [e-mail] (Matthias Schumann)
From: [e-mail] (Ian MacPhedran)

This is the promised summary of my request for information about
Fortran 90 (f90) compilers. I am sorry for the delay in getting this
posted, but I was away for a week, and still haven't caught up.

I received a large amount of information, including a previous summary.
Rather than parroting the entire list, I have prepared the following
breakdown of the points which interested me.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product:  NAGware Fortran 90 Compiler
Descript: Compiles f90 code to C source, or directly to executable
          file under MS-DOS. Therefore requires native C compiler
          as back end on most platforms.
Platform: Apollo DN10000, DECstations, HP 9000, IBM RS/6000, NeXT,
          Intel 386/486 (MSDOS), Sun 3, Sun 4 (SunOS 4.1)
          VAX/VMS forthcoming.
Pricing:  Varies with platform. Academic Pricing available. Site
          License available
 +------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                    NAGWare F90 Compiler                    |
 +------------------------------------------------------------+
 |          License Fee Options for Initial Computer          |
 +------------------------------------------------------------+
 |        |         Standard        |         Academic        |
 +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
 |        |  Perpetual|  Maintenance|  Perpetual|  Maintenance|
 |        |     Fee   |      Fee    |     Fee   |      Fee    |
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
 | CLASS 1|      $895 |      $160   |      $537 |       $97   | (MSDOS)
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------+
 | CLASS 2|    $1,495 |      $270   |      $897 |      $162   | (Low end work-
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+ stations)
 | CLASS 3|    $1,995 |      $360   |    $1,197 |      $215   |
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
 | CLASS 4|    $2,495 |      $450   |    $1,497 |      $270   | (Server class
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+ computers)
 | CLASS 5|    $3,295 |      $594   |    $1,977 |      $356   |
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
 | CLASS 6|    $4,295 |      $774   |    $2,577 |      $464   |
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
 | CLASS 7|    $5,295 |      $945   |    $3,177 |      $572   |
 +--------+-----------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
          (US Dollars)
Contact:  Sheila Caswell, Account Manager,
          Numerical Algorithms Group, Inc.

          1400 Opus Place, Suite 200
          Downers Grove, IL, USA
          60515-5702
Phone:    [phone]
Source:   E-mail messages, postings, and paper mailing
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product:  VAST-90
Descript: Converts f77 code to f90, and reverse. Will "de-spaghettify"
          f77 code to a more structured form. Requires native f77 compiler
          to compile f90 programs.
Platform: SPARC (Sun 4), IBM RS/6000
Pricing:  Single Machine: starts at $1900, Sun, IBM HP and DEC
      workstations. Higher prices for larger machines.
      Included: VAST-90, f90 driver, f90 library and documentation.

          Volume discounts and site license available.

Contact:
Pacific-Sierra Research Corp.               Switchboard:   [phone]
2901 28th Street                            Fax:           [phone]
Santa Monica  CA  90405                     VAST-90 e-mail: [e-mail]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product:  PF90 Version 2.0
Descript: Converts f90 programs to f77, then compiles with native
          f77 compiler. Therefore native f77 compiler is required.
Platform: Sun 4, IBM RS/6000, Silicon Graphics, DECstations, Convex,
          Alliant, IBM 3090 (AIX), Cray
Pricing:  Sun, RS/6000, SGI, DECstation: $2000
          Convex, Alliant: $5000; IBM 3090, Cray: $10000
          (US Dollars, single machine, multiuser license, must purchase
          f77 compiler separately.)
Contact:  ParaSoft Corporation
          2500 E. Foothill Blvd
          Pasadena, CA 91107
Phone:    [phone]
E-mail:   [e-mail]
Source:   E-mail messages, and PostScript advertisement
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product:   PV version 1.1 of Fortran 90 compiler
Descript:  Port of NAG's f90 compiler to MS-DOS, together with Salford
           Software Ltd.
Platform:  Intel 386/486 Computers
Pricing:   $1950.00 (single user, US currency)
Contact:   OTG Systems Inc
Phone:     [phone]
Source:    E-mail message/summary of previous queries
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following is from a previous summary from David Bernholdt:

Convex is reported to have an incomplete f90 compiler in beta.
Other compilers in preparation will be available:
EPC (Edinburgh Portable Compilers) and Lahey            late 1992
Cray Research                                           early 1993
DEC for VMS                                             late 1993
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I wish to thank the following people for their help, and apologize to any
which I have missed.

psrv![e-mail]
naginc![e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ian MacPhedran, Engineering Computer Centre, University of Saskatchewan.
2B13 Engineering Building, U. of S. Campus, Saskatoon, Sask., CANADA S7N 0W0
[e-mail]  [e-mail]

Walt Brainerd                [e-mail]:

Yes, a Fortran 90 system can be had for $99.

Salford FTN90 is a full PC Fortran 90 implementation based
on the front end developed by the Numerical Algorithms
Group, Ltd.  The Entry Level system requires that
all parts of a program reside in one file.  That file
is compiled and executed without producing a permanent
executable file.

It runs on a 386SX, 386DX, or 486 system with DOS 3.3
or later.

The list price for Entry Level FTN 90 is $134, but until
the end of February, 1993, the Entry Level version is
available in North America at the introductory price of $99
from Unicomp.  (We hope to make up in volume the amount
lost on each copy...8^)  Contact Unicomp for ordering
information.

To find out the price and how to get it outside of North
America, contact Salford Software, Venables Building,
5 Cockcroft Road, Salford, M5 4NT, United Kingdom,
[phone], [phone] (fax).

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>


Q3) I have heard of fortran "lints" what are they, and where can
   I get one?